Explanations > Learning Theory > Freud's Psychosexual Stage Theory

1. Tidiness Define
2. Tidiness Quotes

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The stages | Fixation | So what

Tidy definition is - neat and orderly in appearance or habits: well ordered and cared for. How to use tidy in a sentence.

Sigmund Freud developed a theory of how our sexuality starts from a very young ages and develops through various fixations. If these stages are not psychologically completed and released, we can be trapped by them and they may lead to various defense mechanisms to avoid the anxiety produced from the conflict in and leaving of the stage.

The stages

Fixation

Strong conflict can fixate people at early stages.

Oral fixation

Oral fixation has two possible outcomes.

Tidiness Define

• The Oral receptive personality is preoccupied with eating/drinking and reduces tension through oral activity such as eating, drinking, smoking, biting nails. They are generally passive, needy and sensitive to rejection. They will easily 'swallow' other people's ideas.
• The Oral aggressive personality is hostile and verbally abusive to others, using mouth-based aggression.

Anal fixation

Anal fixation, which may be caused by too much punishment during toilet training, has two possible outcomes.

• The Anal retentive personality is stingy, with a compulsive seeking of order and tidiness. The person is generally stubborn and perfectionist.
• The Anal expulsive personality is an opposite of the Anal retentive personality, and has a lack of self control, being generally messy and careless.

Phallic fixation

At the age of 5 or 6, near the end of the phallic stage, boys experience the Oedipus Complexwhilst girls experience the Electra conflict, which is a process through which they learn to identify with the same gender parent by acting as much like that parent as possible.

Boys suffer a castration anxiety, where the son believes his father knows about his desire for his mother and hence fears his father will castrate him. He thus represses his desire and defensively identifies with his father.

Girls suffer a penis envy, where the daughter is initially attached to her mother, but then a shift of attachment occurs when she realizes she lacks a penis. She desires her father whom she sees as a means to obtain a penis substitute (a child). She then represses her desire for her father and incorporates the values of her mother and accepts her inherent 'inferiority' in society.

This is Freud, remember. He later also recanted, noting that perhaps he had placed too much emphasis on sexual connotations.

Freud's theories are largely criticized now as lacking in substantial corroborative data. He was, however, using a model to describe observed behavior. His ideas may thus still be used as metaphors for actual developmental issues.

See also

Sigmund Freud, Defense Mechanisms

The Half of It is a 2020 American coming-of-agecomedy-drama film written and directed by Alice Wu. It stars Leah Lewis, Daniel Diemer, Alexxis Lemire, and Collin Chou. Netflix released the film on May 1, 2020 to positive reviews.^[2][3] The film received the Founders Award for Best Narrative Feature at the 2020 Tribeca Film Festival.^[4]

The film is a modern loose retelling of Cyrano de Bergerac in which teenage Ellie Chu begins writing love letters on behalf of the inarticulate Paul Munsky to his crush, Aster Flores.

Plot[edit]

Friendless student Ellie Chu lives in the remote town of Squahamish, where she makes extra money writing homework papers for her fellow students. She lives with her widowed father and performs most of his duties as station master and signalman. She is approached by Paul Munsky, an inarticulate football player, to write a love letter to Aster Flores, a girl at their school. Ellie initially refuses, but accepts the work after learning that her home's electricity will be shut off if they fail to make a minimum payment. Aster is dating Trig, a boy from a wealthy family, and Ellie begins a heartfelt correspondence with Aster in letters and text messages. The two connect over their shared interests in literature and art, though Aster believes she is communicating with Paul. Ellie's English teacher encourages her to apply to Grinnell College, but Ellie plans to stay in Squahamish, despite being unhappy there, because she doesn't want to leave her father.

Ellie sets up Paul on a date with Aster, but it goes badly because Paul is unable to converse with her like Ellie can. Ellie regards this as the end of their attempts, but after Paul defends her from bullies, she agrees to teach him about art and literature. Ellie and Paul begin to bond as they open up about their family struggles. Paul's second date with Aster goes as badly as the first, but Ellie saves the evening by texting Aster while pretending to be Paul. Paul abruptly professes his romantic interest in Aster and later tells Ellie that he kissed her. Paul brings Ellie to a party and takes her to his home after she becomes intoxicated, where he sees letters in her bag addressed to food critics, presumably about his sausage creations.

Tidiness Quotes

Aster invites Ellie to spend the day together. She takes her to a hidden hot spring where they swim and share an intimate conversation. Aster reveals that Trig intends to marry her, while Ellie reveals that she does not believe in God and talks about her deceased mother. Meanwhile, at Ellie's house, Paul and her father bond as they make sausages. Later, Ellie watches from her window as Paul and Aster kiss, and she decides to apply to Grinnell. After a game, mistakenly believing that she loves him, and having developed feelings for her, Paul attempts to kiss Ellie, but she rejects him. Aster sees them and walks away angrily. Paul realizes that Ellie loves Aster and, due to his religious upbringing, tells Ellie that it is a sin. When Paul delivers sausage to Ellie's father, Ellie's father and Paul have a conversation about love wherein Ellie's father asks Paul if he's ever loved someone so much, that he didn't want to change anything about them. Trig proposes to Aster at a church service, but Ellie and Paul publicly interrupt the moment by sharing the true meaning of 'love' using Ellie's wording from a previous letter. Aster realizes that Ellie wrote the letters and text messages pretending to be Paul; she slaps Paul and storms out.

Before leaving for Grinnell, Ellie apologizes to Aster for deceiving her. Aster admits that she may have had feelings for Ellie and that she is applying to art school. Ellie kisses Aster and tells her that she'll see her in a couple of years. Paul sees Ellie off at the train platform and tells her that his sausages have received good reviews, and that he'll keep visiting her father. As in Ek Villain, the movie they watched together, Paul runs beside the train as it leaves. Ellie laughs at his silliness, then observes the passengers around her as she goes off to start a new journey in her life.

Cast[edit]

• Leah Lewis as Ellie Chu, a shy, introverted, Chinese-American straight-A student
• Daniel Diemer as Paul Munsky, a school jock whom Ellie helps out by writing love letters
• Alexxis Lemire as Aster Flores, the daughter of a local deacon.
• Collin Chou as Edwin Chu, Ellie's father
• Enrique Murciano as Deacon Flores, Aster's father
• Catherine Curtin as Colleen Munsky, Paul's mother
• Wolfgang Novogratz as Trig Carson, Aster's boyfriend
• Becky Ann Baker as Mrs. Geselschap
• Gabrielle Samels as Amber

Production[edit]

In April 2019, it was announced Leah Lewis, Alexxis Lemire, Daniel Diemer, Becky Ann Baker, Catherine Curtin, Wolfgang Novogratz, and Enrique Murciano had joined the cast of the film, with Alice Wu directing from a screenplay she wrote. Wu and Anthony Bregman served as producers on the film, with Netflix distributing.^[5] In June 2019, it was announced that Collin Chou joined the cast.^[6]

Filming[edit]

Principal photography began on April 22, 2019 in New York and concluded on May 31, 2019.^[7][8]

Release[edit]

It was scheduled to have its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 18, 2020.^[9] However, the festival was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[10] It was released on May 1, 2020.^[11]

Critical response[edit]

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 93 reviews, and an average rating of 7.80/10. The website's critical consensus reads, 'For viewers in search of an uncommonly smart, tender, and funny coming-of-age story, The Half of It has everything.^[3] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on 20 critics, indicating 'generally favorable reviews'.^[2]

Decider said the plot is 'an unbearably cute premise—a modern-day Cyrano de Bergerac with a queer twist—that seems so perfect and so obvious, it’s a wonder the movie hasn’t been made yet', and 'an adorable teen film that will no doubt service an extremely underserved audience.'^[12]Rolling Stone praised the direction, stating that 'the gentle touch Wu uses as a filmmaker, which only occasionally drifts into tidiness, does not dull the edges of her quietly revolutionary achievement in telling the story of a young lesbian immigrant’s journey to self-acceptance. In a movie brimming over with the pleasures of the unexpected, that’s the best part.'^[13]The New York Times noted that 'Wu suffuses the film with a painfully mature understanding of the ache of longing for the impossible.'^[14]

Bitch magazine wrote that 'while these teenage-focused...movies flirt with the idea of lesbian relationships, they quickly pivot before their casual interest can evolve into any fully realized romance', with the film's story seeming 'to be more about the halfway happiness Ellie's given: maybe some acceptance, maybe a friend, maybe a first love. It's not the happy story we were sold via the trailer, and it feels like more promises that only halfway delivered.'^[15]

Leah Lewis (the actress who portrayed Ellie Chu) told Teen Vogue in an interview on 1 May 2020 that: 'Most people think a love story has an equation, and that's usually boy meets girl, girl meets boy, or girl meets girl.' However, in this case '[i]t's a self-love story because these characters don't really end up with each other, but at the very end, they end up with something. For me, that's even more valuable than just finding your other half; it's finding a part of yourself along the way. It is a love story, it's just not a 'romance' story.'^[16]

In a post dated May 22, 2020, A.O. Scott recommended it as his top film of 2020 so far.^[17] Similarly Educating Georgia's film expert Steph called it their film of 2020 in their retrospective of the year. ^[18]

Accolades[edit]

The film received the top award at the 2020 Tribeca Film Festival, the Founders Award for Best Narrative Feature.^[4] It was also nominated for the 2021 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film (Limited Release).^[19]

References[edit]

1. ^'The Half of it'. Tribeca Film Festival. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
2. ^ ^ab'The Half of It (2020)'. Metacritic. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
3. ^ ^ab'The Half of It (2020)'. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
4. ^ ^abLindahl, Chris (April 29, 2020). 'Tribeca Film Festival Awards 'The Half of It,' 'Socks on Fire' Top Honors'. IndieWire. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
5. ^Vlessing, Etan (April 22, 2019). 'Leah Lewis, Alexxis Lemire to Star in Alice Wu's 'The Half of It' Teen Romance for Netflix'. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
6. ^N'Duka, Amanda (June 11, 2019). ''The Matrix' Actor Collin Chou Joins Netflix's 'The Half of It'; 'Sabrina's Abigail Cowen Cast In 'I Still Believe'; Jim Klock Set For 'The 24th''. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
7. ^'The Half of it'. Production List. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
8. ^Evans, Greg (April 22, 2019). 'Netflix Launches Production On 'The Half Of It', Alice Wu's Movie Follow-Up To 'Saving Face''. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
9. ^Goldsmith, Jill (March 3, 2020). 'Tribeca Sets Feature Lineup Of Films For 2020 Fest'. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
10. ^Beresford, Tribly; Lewis, Hilary (March 12, 2020). 'Tribeca Film Festival Postponed Amid Coronavirus Fears'. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
11. ^Mallenbaum, Carly (April 22, 2020). 'Netflix in May 2020: Everything new ('Hollywood,' 'Dead to Me' Season 2) and expiring'. USA Today. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
12. ^Menta, Anna (April 29, 2020). ''The Half of It' on Netflix Is a Love Letter to Lesbian Teen Longing'. Decider. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
13. ^Travers, Peter (April 29, 2020). ''The Half of It' Review: Closeted Student Plays Cyrano in Delightful YA Romcom'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
14. ^Turner, Kyle (May 1, 2020). ''The Half of It' Review: Being Yourself (and That Person, Too)'. The New York Times. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
15. ^Lewis, Rachel Charlene (May 1, 2020). ''The Half of It' Isn't Joking When It Says It Isn't a Love Story'. Bitch. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
16. ^'Netflix's 'The Half of It' Star Leah Lewis Explains Why Ellie Chu's Story Is Vital to the Coming-of-Age Canon''. May 1, 2020.
17. ^https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/22/movies/best-films-of-2020.html
18. ^https://open.spotify.com/episode/78naeAfIOMCTnRYAT7qGxW?si=LsDvpajvTGqAhzznrEREmw
19. ^Ramos, Dino-Ray (January 28, 2021). 'GLAAD Unveils Nominees For 32nd Annual GLAAD Media Awards; Deadline's New Hollywood Podcast Honored With Special Recognition Award'. Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.

External links[edit]

• The Half of It at IMDb
• The Half of It at Rotten Tomatoes